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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

S M Palmer1, M J Rybak

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Pharmacotherapy
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a significant threat due to widespread resistance, necessitating new antimicrobial treatments. Understanding transmission and risk factors is crucial for effective infection control strategies against these difficult-to-treat bacteria.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) present a critical challenge in healthcare settings, with many strains exhibiting resistance to all current antimicrobial agents.
  • The genetic elements conferring VRE resistance are often located on transposons, indicating a substantial risk for interspecies dissemination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the therapeutic dilemmas posed by VRE infections.
  • To discuss the known risk factors for VRE colonization and infection.
  • To emphasize the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents to combat VRE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on VRE epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and transmission routes.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including antimicrobial use and patient-specific elements.

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  • Assessment of current infection control recommendations and treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • VRE infections are difficult to treat due to broad antimicrobial resistance.
    • Risk factors include vancomycin/cephalosporin use and patient-related factors.
    • VRE can spread via contaminated surfaces and healthcare worker hands.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective infection control practices and judicious antimicrobial use are essential for VRE prevention.
    • Current treatment options for VRE are limited, with scarce clinical data on drug combinations.
    • There is a critical and unmet need for the development of new antimicrobial drugs effective against VRE.