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Treating allergic rhinitis with second-generation antihistamines

C H Nightingale1

  • 1Department of Research, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06115-0729, USA.

Pharmacotherapy
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Second-generation antihistamines like loratadine effectively treat allergic rhinitis with fewer side effects. However, differences in dosing, onset, duration, and potential cardiac risks exist among these important allergy medications.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis affects nearly 40% of the population, incurring significant economic costs.
  • Nonsedating second-generation antihistamines have improved allergic rhinitis management.
  • Older antihistamines often cause intolerable side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of second-generation antihistamines.
  • To highlight the differences between loratadine, terfenadine, and astemizole.
  • To introduce cetirizine as a new option.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing second-generation antihistamines.
  • Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of adverse effect profiles, including cardiotoxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Loratadine, terfenadine, and astemizole offer effective symptom relief.
    • Dosing frequency varies: terfenadine requires twice-daily dosing, while others are once-daily.
    • Terfenadine and astemizole carry risks of cardiotoxicity at elevated concentrations.
    • Cetirizine exhibits mild sedative and anticholinergic effects, less than first-generation agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Second-generation antihistamines provide significant benefits for allergic rhinitis sufferers.
    • Key differences in dosing, action, and safety necessitate careful selection.
    • Ongoing research and development continue to refine allergy treatment options.