The spatial relationship between infant mortality and birth defect rates in a U.S. city

The spatial patterns of infant mortality and birth defect rates in the Des Moines, Iowa, urban region are described as a contoured surface based on the punctual kriging of address-matched vital statistics records from The Iowa Department of Public Health. Areas defined as having high rates are shown to be sensitive to the size of the spatial filtering units. There is no correlation between infant mortality and birth defect rates in the region. The significance of areas with high rates is determined by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. One area of high infant mortality is found in the region, which contrasts with many smaller areas with high birth defect rates in the region. The observed birth defect rate pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that each birth was equally likely to result in a birth defect, while the infant mortality pattern is unlikely to be the result of such an equal likelihood process.