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Growth and pubertal development in Down syndrome

H Arnell1, J Gustafsson, S A Ivarsson

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Children with Down syndrome experience growth delays and potential gonadal insufficiency. This study tracked 44 individuals, finding varied final heights and reduced peak height velocities in both males and females.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Down syndrome is associated with growth retardation and gonadal insufficiency.
  • Longitudinal data on growth and pubertal development in Down syndrome are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally assess growth patterns and pubertal development in individuals with Down syndrome.
  • To investigate potential correlations between growth parameters and gonadal function.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 44 home-reared children and adolescents with Down syndrome (aged 10-24 years).
  • Yearly follow-up assessments including height, peak height velocity, and hormonal markers.
  • Correlation analysis between target height, final height, and gonadal parameters.

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Main Results:

  • Males with Down syndrome showed improved final height compared to previous reports, with a strong correlation to target height.
  • Females with Down syndrome had a mean final height below previously reported values.
  • Peak height velocities were significantly lower than in healthy children, occurring at earlier ages (12.3 years for males, 10.8 years for females).
  • Males exhibited indicators of primary gonadal insufficiency, including low follicle-stimulating hormone, small testes, and inverse LH-testicular volume correlation.
  • Females reached menarche at an age similar to their mothers.

Conclusions:

  • Growth patterns in Down syndrome are complex, with males showing some improvement while females remain below previous norms.
  • Early growth spurts are characteristic, but overall velocities are reduced.
  • Evidence suggests primary gonadal insufficiency in males with Down syndrome.
  • Menarcheal timing in females appears to follow familial patterns.