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Related Experiment Videos

Cancellous bone screw thread design and holding power

S E Asnis1, J J Ernberg, M P Bostrom

  • 1Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Optimizing cancellous bone screw design involves increasing thread density (TPI) and outer diameter for enhanced holding power. Screw root diameter impacts fixation in less dense bone but not in denser materials.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Biomaterials engineering
  • Surgical implant design

Background:

  • Cancellous bone screws are critical orthopedic implants.
  • Understanding screw design parameters is essential for optimal fixation.
  • Screw pitch has been infrequently evaluated in existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of host density, outer diameter (OD), root diameter (RD), and pitch on cancellous bone screw holding power.
  • To identify the most influential parameters for improving screw fixation.
  • To provide design recommendations for enhanced cancellous screw performance.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups of stainless steel V-thread screws with varying OD, RD, and pitch (12-32 threads per inch) were fabricated.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthetic cancellous bone material (Pedilen) at two densities (0.15 g/ml and 0.22 g/ml) was used.
  • Push-out tests were conducted using a servohydraulic testing machine to measure holding power.

    • Main Results:

    • Host material density was the most significant factor influencing holding power, followed by OD, pitch, and RD.
    • A larger outer diameter (6.4 mm vs. 4.5 mm) significantly increased holding power (p < 0.001).
    • Decreased screw pitch (increased threads per inch) significantly improved fixation in both bone densities (p < 0.001).
    • In less dense bone, a smaller root diameter improved holding power; this effect was not observed in denser bone.

    Conclusions:

    • Cancellous bone screw holding power is primarily determined by host material density and screw outer diameter.
    • Optimizing screw design with decreased pitch (increased threads per inch) can enhance fixation.
    • The impact of root diameter on holding power is dependent on bone density, with implications for cannulated screw design.