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Post-immunization pneumococcal antibody titers and IgG subclasses

R U Sorensen1, H Hidalgo, C Moore

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112-2822, USA.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Children with IgG2 deficiency often fail to develop protective antibody levels against pneumococcal polysaccharides after vaccination. Some may also exhibit impaired immune memory for these antibodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, particularly IgG subclass 2, are crucial for responding to pneumococcal polysaccharides.
  • Recurrent respiratory infections in children can be associated with impaired humoral immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively assess IgG subclasses and post-vaccination pneumococcal antibody titers in children with recurrent respiratory infections.
  • To investigate the relationship between IgG subclass levels and protective antibody responses to pneumococcal immunization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of total immunoglobulin levels and IgG subclasses in 56 children (2-18 years old).
  • Measurement of pneumococcal antibody titers against serotypes 3, 7F, 9N, and 14, 4-6 weeks post-immunization.

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  • Definition of protective antibody levels as > 200 ng Ab N/ml against any of the tested serotypes.

    • Main Results:

    • Four patients lacked protective antibody levels against any of the four pneumococcal serotypes post-vaccination.
    • Among these four, one had an Immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) subclass deficiency, while three had normal IgG subclass levels.
    • Three additional patients with IgG2 deficiency showed limited protective antibody responses (to 1 or 2 serotypes), and two with undetectable IgG2 had only transient responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Patients with IgG2 deficiency may exhibit inadequate protective antibody levels against multiple pneumococcal serotypes.
    • Some individuals with IgG2 deficiency may experience deficient immunological memory for IgG anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies.
    • Assessing IgG subclasses is important for understanding vaccine responses in children with recurrent respiratory infections.