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Group selection for adaptation to multiple-hen cages: behavioral responses

J V Craig1, W M Muir

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Poultry Science
|October 1, 1996
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Housing environment and genetic stock significantly impact White Leghorn chicken behavior. Hens in group cages showed increased fearfulness and differing social behaviors compared to individually housed birds, with genetic strain influencing these responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Avian Science
  • Genetics and Poultry Science

Background:

  • Understanding behavioral traits in poultry is crucial for optimizing welfare and production.
  • Layer-house cage environments, whether single-bird (1H) or group (12H), can influence chicken behavior.
  • Genetic selection can alter behavioral characteristics, but its interaction with housing needs investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare behavioral traits of three White Leghorn genetic stocks (commercial X, randombred control C, selected S) in 1H and 12H layer-house cages.
  • To assess the influence of housing density and genetic background on fearfulness, feeding, movement, and agonistic behavior.
  • To determine if genetic stock differences emerge or are modified by different housing conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Three White Leghorn stocks (X, C, S) were housed in single-bird (1H) or 12-hen (12H) cages.
  • Behavioral observations included avoidance of observer, tonic immobility, pair contests, and home cage activities.
  • Data collected during initial adaptation and young adult phases analyzed for stock and housing effects.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral profiles differed significantly between 1H and 12H environments, with greater fearfulness observed in 12H cages.
  • Genetic stock differences were minimal in 1H cages but apparent in 12H cages, with the commercial X strain often differing from C and S stocks.
  • The selected S stock exhibited less agonistic activity than the control C stock and commercial X stock in 12H cages, though male pair contests showed S males as more aggressive.

Conclusions:

  • Housing density in layer-house cages significantly alters chicken behavior, particularly increasing fearfulness in group settings.
  • Genetic stock plays a role in behavioral responses to housing, with commercial strains potentially exhibiting different traits than selected or control stocks.
  • Selection for production traits may influence social behavior, but results can vary between sexes and observation methods (home cage vs. pair contest).