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Preventing colorectal cancer

E R Greenberg1

  • 1Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer mortality can be reduced through earlier diagnosis via screening and lifestyle changes. Pharmacologic agents, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), show promise for future prevention trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) has seen limited progress for decades.
  • Effective strategies for reducing CRC mortality are now available.
  • Early diagnosis and lifestyle modifications are key to CRC management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for averting deaths from colorectal cancer.
  • To explore the potential of lifestyle changes and pharmacologic agents in CRC prevention.
  • To discuss challenges and prospects in CRC prevention trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on diet and CRC risk.
  • Analysis of screening methods for early CRC detection (fecal occult blood, endoscopy).
  • Examination of randomized prevention trials for CRC, focusing on adenoma patients.

Main Results:

  • Screening methods like fecal occult blood tests and endoscopy significantly reduce CRC mortality.
  • A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber is associated with a lower risk of colorectal tumors.
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, are promising candidates for CRC prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Earlier diagnosis through screening is a proven method to reduce colorectal cancer deaths.
  • Dietary interventions offer a viable approach to decreasing CRC incidence.
  • Pharmacologic prevention trials, particularly using NSAIDs, warrant further investigation for colorectal cancer.

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