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Synaptic transmission and modulation in the neostriatum

D M Lovinger1, E Tyler

  • 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Noshville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

International Review of Neurobiology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Understanding synaptic transmission in the neostriatum, the basal ganglia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic transmission
  • Basal ganglia function

Background:

  • The neostriatum, a key entry point to the basal ganglia, is implicated in numerous neurological disorders.
  • Cortical glutamatergic and nigral dopaminergic inputs are the primary afferent pathways to the neostriatum.
  • Recent advances have improved understanding of transmission mechanisms at these synapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on synaptic transmission regulation in the neostriatum.
  • To identify areas of uncertainty and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on corticostriatal and nigrostriatal pathways.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of synaptic transmission and modulation.
  • Examination of synaptic plasticity, including short-term depression (STD) and long-term depression (LTD).

Main Results:

  • Corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs rapidly depolarize striatal neurons via AMPA receptors.
  • Presynaptic G-protein-coupled receptors modulate transmission; postsynaptic modulation is less understood.
  • Corticostriatal synapses exhibit STD and LTD, with LTD potentially involving glutamate and dopamine interactions.
  • Striatal LTD may play roles in information storage and motor control.

Conclusions:

  • While significant progress has been made, the precise physiological roles of dopaminergic nigrostriatal input and NMDA receptors remain unclear.
  • Intrastriatal synaptic connections require further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on these less understood aspects of neostriatal function.

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