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Lactate during exercise at high altitude

B Kayser1

  • 1Départment de Physiologie, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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The "lactate paradox" in high-altitude acclimatization shows reduced blood lactate during exercise. This adaptation stems from decreased aerobic glycolysis and altered cellular metabolism, not just oxygen availability.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Altitude Medicine
  • Human Adaptation

Background:

  • High-altitude acclimatization paradoxically reduces blood lactate concentration (la) during exercise and maximal lactate (lamax) after exhaustive exercise compared to acute hypoxia or normoxia.
  • This reduction is observed despite unchanged oxygen transport to locomotor muscles, suggesting non-oxygen-related mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind the observed

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of physiological data comparing lactate levels under varying oxygen conditions (normoxia, acute hypoxia, chronic hypoxia).
  • Examination of metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, substrate flux, and cellular control mechanisms.
  • Consideration of factors like VO2max, adrenergic drive, peripheral oxygen transfer, and cellular redox state.

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Main Results:

  • Acclimatization to high altitude leads to reduced maximal blood lactate concentration ([la-]max) during exercise.
  • Key mechanisms include a decrease in maximal substrate flux through aerobic glycolysis due to reduced VO2max in hypoxia.
  • Alterations in the metabolic control of glycogenolysis and glycolysis at the cellular level, influenced by changes in adrenergic drive, are also significant.

Conclusions:

  • The "lactate paradox" is explained by reduced aerobic glycolysis and altered cellular metabolic control during high-altitude acclimatization.
  • Differences in lactate accumulation between lowlanders and highlanders reflect a continuum of phenotypic adaptation based on duration of high-altitude exposure, rather than distinct metabolic features.