Lectin histochemistry of rat placental tissues

Lectin binding of rat trophoblast subpopulations was examined at days 10, 12 and 15 of gestation. Biotinylated lectins, specific for a range of carbohydrates, were applied to paraffin wax embedded tissues. At day 10 of pregnancy, a wide and similar range of lectins reacted with ectoplacental cone and giant cells: chorionic lamina was relatively unreactive except with wheat germ agglutinin. At days 12 and 15, the range of lectins reacting with the placental labyrinth was relatively restricted. Spongiotrophoblast at day 12 showed lectin reactivity similar to that of ectoplacental cone cells but at day 15 the reaction pattern indicated loss of N-acetylgalactosamine residues in the large, glycogen-rich cells. Trophoblastic giant cells also showed wide lectin reactivity: some reacted only with cytoplasmic components whilst others showed pericellular reactivity. Varying lectin reactivity of giant cells in different regions of the placenta suggests functional differences. There was reduced lectin reactivity of endovascular trophoblast at day 15, compared with day 12 of pregnancy, which may reflect altered invasive potential associated with loss of sialic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The pattern of lectin reactivity suggests that ectoplacental cells, as well as giving rise to giant cells, may also contribute to spongiotrophoblast and to endovascular trophoblast.