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Cardiovascular mortality in winter

W R Keatinge1, G C Donaldson

  • 1Department of Physiology, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, England.

Arctic Medical Research
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Cold weather increases the risk of death from ischaemic heart disease, primarily due to thrombosis. Blood changes like increased red cells and fibrinogen during cold exposure may explain these winter deaths.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of excess winter mortality, responsible for about half of all excess deaths.
  • Cold exposure is linked to increased mortality, with deaths occurring shortly after exposure suggesting thrombotic events.
  • Respiratory deaths are also associated with cold weather but often occur days later.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between cold exposure and mortality from ischaemic heart disease.
  • To identify potential physiological mechanisms, such as changes in blood composition, contributing to cold-related deaths.
  • To differentiate the effects of cold housing versus outdoor cold exposure on mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality data in relation to cold weather exposure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Observation of changes in blood composition (red cell count, plasma cholesterol, fibrinogen) in cold conditions.
  • Comparison of mortality impacts from cold housing versus outdoor cold exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Cold exposure leads to increased thrombotic deaths from ischaemic heart disease within hours or days.
    • Blood changes in the cold, including elevated red cell count, plasma cholesterol, and fibrinogen, are thrombogenic.
    • Protein C levels do not significantly increase to counteract these thrombotic risks.
    • Cold housing is associated with increased respiratory mortality, while outdoor cold exposure is linked to arterial thrombosis mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Cold exposure significantly contributes to ischaemic heart disease mortality through thrombosis.
    • Specific blood composition changes during cold weather promote a thrombotic state.
    • Differentiated impacts of indoor versus outdoor cold exposure on mortality patterns exist.