Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Ishihara test performance and dementia

R McCleary1, W R Shankle, R A Mulnard

  • 1Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717-5150, USA. MCCLEARY@UCL.EDU

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

JDR clinical and translational research·2021
Same author

Application of Digital Cognitive Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Identifying Cognitive Process Changes and Impending Cognitive Decline.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2021
Same author

Novel Therapy of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementing Disorders.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2016
Same author

Walking stabilizes cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across one year.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics·2012
Same author

Steroid-induced elevation of glucose in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to gender, apolipoprotein E genotype and cognition.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2002
Same author

The development of structure and function in the postnatal human cerebral cortex from birth to 72 months: changes in thickness of layers II and III co-relate to the onset of new age-specific behaviors.

Pediatric pathology & molecular medicine·2002
Same journal

Distinguishing drug-target effects from natural lipid variation and incorporating imaging outcomes in Mendelian randomisation studies of multiple sclerosis.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Long-term social cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke: Frequency and association with lesion volume and location in an exploratory pilot study.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Subjective cognitive decline among U.S. Cancer survivors, 2017-2024: Prevalence, cancer-specific patterns, and associated factors.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Comment on "Comparative impact of mental and cardiovascular comorbidities on adverse outcomes in people with MS".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Comment on "Efficacy and safety of conventional immunosuppressant therapies in elderly patients with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A target trial emulation study".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Increasing incidence of varicella-zoster virus meningitis in Japan, 2011-2022.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
See all related articles

The Ishihara trail-tracing and number-naming tests can help differentiate dementia types. Error patterns correlate with cognitive impairment and dementia stage, showing clinical utility.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and cognitive tests.
  • Differentiating between dementia subtypes, like Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, is crucial for effective treatment.
  • The Ishihara tests, commonly used for color vision deficiency, have potential applications in assessing cognitive function in dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of Ishihara trail-tracing (TT) and number-naming (NN) tests in a dementia patient sample.
  • To determine if error patterns on TT and NN tests correlate with dementia severity, stage, and etiology.
  • To explore the potential of Ishihara tests for discriminating between different types of dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Administered Ishihara TT and NN tests to 378 patients with dementia.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized negative binomial generalized linear models to analyze error counts.
  • Regressed error counts on patient characteristics, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Exam: MMSE), dementia stage (Clinical Dementia Rating: CDR), etiology, onset age, and symptom duration.

    • Main Results:

    • Error counts on TT and NN tests followed a negative binomial distribution.
    • MMSE, CDR, and dementia etiology significantly affected error counts.
    • MMSE errors correlated with both TT and NN errors; CDR errors correlated only with TT errors; etiology errors correlated only with NN errors.
    • Patient characteristics, onset age, and symptom duration did not significantly affect error counts.

    Conclusions:

    • Ishihara TT and NN tests demonstrate clinical utility in dementia assessment.
    • Distinct correlational patterns of errors suggest differential diagnostic potential for vascular dementia versus Alzheimer's disease.
    • The findings support the use of Ishihara tests to probe specific cognitive and functional deficits associated with dementia subtypes.