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Heat illness in the services

J G Dickinson1

  • 1The Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Hospital, Akrotiri.

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heat illness is a significant risk for military personnel, with the Army experiencing the highest incidence. While most cases recover quickly, accurate monitoring and management are crucial for prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Military Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Heat illness poses a persistent occupational hazard within the Services despite preventive efforts.
  • Data from 1981-1991 indicates potential increases in reported cases, possibly influenced by reporting variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends and characteristics of heat illness among servicemen and women.
  • To evaluate the incidence, severity, and contributing factors of heat-related conditions.
  • To inform recommendations for improved prevention, monitoring, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of heat illness cases reported to the Defence Analytical Services Agency (1981-1991).
  • Calculation of annual incidence rates by service branch, gender, and location.

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  • Review of case characteristics, including type of heat illness, duration of sick leave, and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • An average of 135 hospital admissions annually for heat-related conditions; 15.5 required over a week of sick leave.
    • Highest annual incidence in the Army (73/100,000), followed by the Royal Navy (14/100,000) and Royal Air Force (5/100,000).
    • Heat exhaustion was more common (73.6%) than heat stroke (13%), with reporting and definition issues noted. Overseas locations like Hong Kong and Cyprus showed higher incidence.

    Conclusions:

    • Heat illness remains a concern in the Services, particularly within the Army.
    • Current preventive measures require enhancement, alongside improved data collection for accurate monitoring.
    • Recommendations are proposed for grading and managing servicemen affected by heat illness, informed by recent literature.