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Related Experiment Videos

A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation

N F Dronkers1

  • 1VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California 94553, USA. dronkers@garnet.berkeley.edu

Nature
|November 14, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Researchers identified a specific brain region crucial for speech motor planning. Lesions in the left precentral gyrus of the insula cause apraxia of speech, highlighting its specialized role in coordinating articulatory movements.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech motor control
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Human speech production involves intricate planning and coordination of oral-motor movements.
  • Apraxia of speech, a disorder resulting from brain injury, impairs speech movement coordination while sparing speech perception.
  • The precise neural substrates underlying speech motor planning remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific brain regions essential for the motor planning of speech articulation.
  • To investigate the neural basis of articulatory planning deficits in patients with apraxia of speech.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative lesion analysis was performed on 25 stroke patients exhibiting articulatory planning deficits and 19 control patients without such deficits.

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  • Brain imaging techniques were used to precisely map the location and extent of lesions in both patient groups.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant double dissociation was observed between patients with and without articulatory planning deficits.
    • All patients with speech motor planning impairments presented with lesions encompassing a specific area within the left precentral gyrus of the insula.
    • This critical insular region was consistently spared in patients without articulatory deficits.

    Conclusions:

    • The left precentral gyrus of the insula is a specialized area critical for the motor planning of speech.
    • Damage to this discrete cortical region leads to apraxia of speech, characterized by impaired articulatory coordination.
    • Findings elucidate the neural architecture supporting complex human speech production.