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Related Experiment Videos

Schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi

M S Cetron1, L Chitsulo, J J Sullivan

  • 1Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 9, 1996
PubMed
Summary

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Schistosomiasis transmission is occurring in Lake Malawi, a previously unrecognized site. Recreational water contact, particularly at Cape Maclear, significantly increases the risk of Schistosoma haematobium infection for expatriates and tourists.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Central nervous system schistosomiasis cases were reported in 1992 among Peace Corps volunteers at Cape Maclear, Lake Malawi.
  • This occurred despite Lake Malawi being considered a schistosomiasis-free area.
  • This prompted an investigation into transmission potential and infection risk in Lake Malawi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the transmission potential of schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi.
  • To assess the risk of acquiring schistosomiasis for expatriates and visitors.
  • To identify specific locations associated with increased risk.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of expatriates and visitors in Malawi was conducted in 1993.
  • Participants provided blood samples for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni seroprevalence testing using ELISA and immunoblot.
Keywords:
AfricaAfrica South Of The SaharaBehaviorDeveloping CountriesDiseasesEastern AfricaEnglish Speaking AfricaMalawiMeasurementParasitic DiseasesPrevalenceResearch MethodologyResearch ReportTravel And Tourism

Related Experiment Videos

  • A survey for snail vectors was performed along the southwestern shore of Lake Malawi.

    • Main Results:

    • Of 955 participants, 303 (32%) showed serological evidence of schistosome infection.
    • Seroprevalence was 32% (141/440) among those with freshwater exposure limited to Lake Malawi.
    • Infection risk increased with freshwater exposure frequency at Lake Malawi resorts, with Cape Maclear showing the highest association (OR 2.9).
    • Infected Bulinus globosus snails, the vector for S. haematobium, were found at Cape Maclear and other sites.

    Conclusions:

    • Schistosoma haematobium infection is highly prevalent among expatriates and tourists in Malawi.
    • Recreational water contact at popular Lake Malawi resorts is the likely source of infection.
    • Lake Malawi represents a significant, previously under-recognized site of schistosomiasis transmission.