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Acute hepatitis: significance of changes in complement components

J A Charlesworth, S Lawrence, P A Worsdall

    Clinical and Experimental Immunology
    |June 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hepatitis B infection involves immune complex activity affecting complement pathways, crucial for viral clearance. Recovery depends on immune competence, not just viral factors.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hepatology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Complement system plays a role in immune responses.
    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can trigger immune dysregulation.
    • Alcoholic cirrhosis affects liver function and immune parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate complement component levels in acute hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis.
    • To explore the relationship between complement abnormalities and disease severity.
    • To understand the role of immune complexes in hepatitis pathogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Serial measurements of complement components (C4, C3, factor B, C1q, C5).
    • Analysis of hepatitis B antigen status in patients.
    • Assessment of serum albumin and prothrombin index.

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  • Detection of C3d in plasma.

    • Main Results:

    • Abnormal complement profiles were observed in hepatitis patients (9 with HBV, 7 without).
    • Low C4, C3, and factor B were common in cirrhosis patients with low albumin/prothrombin index.
    • Hepatitis patients showed complement changes without significant alterations in albumin/prothrombin index; some had C1q/C5 reduction and detectable C3d.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement abnormalities in hepatitis suggest classical pathway involvement, likely due to immune processes in early stages.
    • Gross complement changes indicate immune-complex activity, potentially aiding viral clearance.
    • Recovery from acute hepatitis is primarily linked to host immune competence.