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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
Cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer--a highly aggressive disease: analysis of 12 cases
E T Fernandes1, J C Manivel, P K Reddy
1Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Purpose:
We gained knowledge of the etiology, treatment and prevention of cyclophosphamide associated urothelial cancer.
Materials And Methods:
The medical records of 6 men and 6 women (mean age 55 years) with cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer were reviewed.
Results:
All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transitional cell carcinoma. Of the 5 patients initially treated with endoscopic resection alone only 1 is alive without disease. Of the 6 patients who underwent early cystectomy 4 were alive at 24 to 111 months. The remaining patient with extensive cancer underwent partial cystectomy for palliation and died 3 months later.
Conclusions:
Cyclophosphamide associated bladder tumor is an aggressive disease. However, long-term survival is possible when radical cystectomy is performed for bladder tumors with any sign of invasion and for recurrent high grade disease, even when noninvasive.
