Mental disorders and comorbidity in attempted suicide

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Mental Health Research
• Epidemiology of Mental Disorders

Background:

• Mental disorders are a significant factor in suicide attempts.
• Understanding the prevalence and comorbidity of these disorders is crucial for effective intervention.
• Previous research indicates gender differences in mental health conditions among individuals who attempt suicide.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in male and female suicide attempters.
• To identify specific diagnostic patterns according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R).
• To explore the role of comorbid conditions in parasuicide behavior.

Main Methods:

• A systematic sample of 114 suicide attempters was interviewed.
• Data was collected from consecutive cases referred to a general hospital in Helsinki.
• Diagnoses were made based on DSM-III-R criteria, focusing on Axis I disorders.

Main Results:

• Nearly all (98%) suicide attempters received at least one Axis I diagnosis.
• Depressive syndromes were more prevalent in females (85%) than males (64%).
• Alcohol dependence was more common in males (64%) than females (21%).
• A substantial majority (82%) of individuals exhibited comorbid mental disorders.

Conclusions:

• Mental disorders are highly prevalent among suicide attempters.
• Gender-specific patterns exist for depression and alcohol dependence.
• The high rate of comorbidity underscores its critical role in parasuicide.
• These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment approaches for individuals who attempt suicide.