Cell cycle-specific expression of G(0)SPR1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells

A family of small proline-rich proteins (SPR1s) is induced in cells undergoing squamous differentiation. Because SPR1 mRNA is detected in mesenchymal nasal cells of rats exposed to cigarette smoke, expression of this mRNA in other nonsquamous cells and tissues was investigated. Using PCR, low levels of SPR1 mRNA were identified in a number of nondifferentiating cell lines and in nonsquamous tissues. G(0)SPR1 mRNA, the hamster homologue of SPR1 mRNA, was increased 10-fold in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells when the culture reached 80-90% confluence and was downregulated after cells ceased growing at 100% confluence. The deduced amino acid sequence of G(0)SPR1 showed a high homology to the family of SPR1 from different species. Affinity-purified antibodies to SPR1 reacted to about 50% of the CHO cell population, indicating that the protein is expressed at specific stages of the cell cycle. CHO cells that were switched to low-serum medium when they were at 60% confluence showed an increase in G(0)SPR1 levels before the cells entered G0, indicating that G(0)SPR1 may b a signal to cells entering G0. Because expression of the SPR1 family of proteins is associated with squamous differentiation, the observations in the nondifferentiating CHO cells indicate that these proteins may play a role in mediating the withdrawal from the cell cycle prior to the commitment to differentiation.