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[Glucose intolerance in chronic renal failure]

Y Matsushita1, S Hara

  • 1Toranomon Hospital Kidney Center.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Glucose intolerance is common in chronic renal failure (CRF) due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. High parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels may further worsen insulin secretion from pancreatic islets in CRF patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Glucose intolerance is a frequent complication in patients suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF).
  • The underlying mechanisms involve both insulin resistance and diminished insulin secretion.
  • Insulin resistance in CRF primarily affects glucose uptake in muscle tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms contributing to glucose intolerance in chronic renal failure.
  • To highlight the role of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
  • To discuss the impact of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on pancreatic islet function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on glucose metabolism in chronic renal failure.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to insulin resistance.
  • Examination of the variability in insulin secretion patterns.
  • Investigation of the effects of high PTH levels on pancreatic islets.

Main Results:

  • Insulin resistance is a key feature in CRF, predominantly impacting muscle glucose uptake.
  • Insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia shows variable responses (increased, decreased, or normal).
  • Elevated PTH levels have been identified as a factor that impairs insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose intolerance in CRF is multifactorial, involving insulin resistance and altered insulin secretion.
  • High PTH levels represent a significant factor that can exacerbate glucose intolerance by affecting insulin secretion.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate and manage glucose metabolism disturbances in CRF.

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