Rationale, background, and design of the randomized angiotensin receptor antagonist--angiotensin-converting enzyme...

The randomized angiotensin receptor antagonist--angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)--Inhibitor Study (RAAS) was designed to test the hypothesis that the addition of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocking agent, losartan 50 mg/day, to an ACE-inhibitor, enalapril 10 mg twice a day (group 1), will be more effective than standard-dose enalapril 10 mg twice a day (group 2) or high-dose enalapril alone 20 mg twice a day (group 3), in blocking the activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The addition of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocking agent to an ACE inhibitor would theoretically block ACE as well as non-ACE-dependent angiotensin II formation while maintaining the potential beneficial effect of ACE inhibitor-induced bradykinin formation. One hundred twenty patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and moderate to severe heart failure despite treatment with an ACE inhibitor will be randomized to 1 of the 3 groups and followed for 6 weeks, with an optional long-term week extension to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination of losaratan and enalapril, its effectiveness in preventing rest and exercise-induced neurohumoral activation (plasma norepinephrine, N-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor, angiotensin II, and aldosterone), as well as quality of life and exercise performance (6-minute walk test).