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High fat diets increase plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, and decrease plasma insulin and feed

B R Choi1, D L Palmquist

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691-4096, USA.

The Journal of Nutrition
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
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High fat diets reduce feed intake in dairy cows. Increased cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations, not insulin, appear to mediate this effect by signaling satiety.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Ruminant Physiology
  • Dairy Science

Background:

  • High-fat diets are known to decrease feed intake in dairy cows, but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing dairy cow nutrition and preventing reduced feed intake, which impacts productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat content on feed intake and associated blood metabolite and hormone concentrations in dairy cows.
  • To determine if lipid metabolites or satiety hormones mediate the depression of feed intake observed with high-fat diets.

Main Methods:

  • A 4x4 Latin-square design experiment was conducted with eight multiparous Holstein cows.
  • Cows were fed diets with varying levels of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (0, 30, 60, or 90 g/kg of dry matter).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Blood samples were analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, and insulin.

    • Main Results:

    • Dry matter and energy intake decreased linearly as dietary fat increased above 30 g/kg.
    • Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations increased with higher fat inclusion.
    • Fat supplementation increased postfeeding cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, with the highest levels at 90 g/kg fat, while plasma insulin decreased linearly.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased dietary fat, specifically above 30 g/kg, depresses feed and energy intake in dairy cows.
    • Elevated plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations are associated with reduced feed intake in cows fed high-fat diets.
    • Insulin does not appear to play a significant role in regulating feed intake in response to high-fat diets in dairy cows.