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Related Experiment Videos

Pulmonary venous sphincters in cattle

S Aharinejad1, M Egerbacher, F Nourani

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Vienna, Austria.

The Anatomical Record
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cattle pulmonary veins have smooth muscle constrictions that may block blood flow. Unlike rats, these veins lack nerve control, suggesting local mediators regulate blood flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anatomy
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary veins in rats exhibit focal smooth muscle narrowing (sphincters) that respond to stimuli.
  • These structures and their innervation are poorly understood in other species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure, innervation, and control of smooth muscle in cattle pulmonary veins.

Main Methods:

  • Pulmonary veins from 21 cattle were analyzed using methacrylate casting and scanning electron microscopy.
  • Fixed tissues underwent light microscopy with immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Cattle pulmonary veins displayed serial constrictions (33-81% diameter reduction), resembling a string of pearls.
  • No neuronal elements were identified in association with the venous smooth muscle tufts using various immunocytochemical markers and electron microscopy.

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  • Bronchial smooth muscle in the same sections stained positively for neuronal markers.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cattle pulmonary veins differ from rats, with smooth muscle protrusions potentially obstructing lumenal flow.
    • The absence of innervation suggests that venous constriction and local blood flow regulation in cattle are mediated by local factors.