Ionizing irradiation increases transcription of the von Willebrand factor gene in endothelial cells

Ionizing irradiation damage to the vasculature results in an increase in procoagulant activity of endothelial cells, including elevated von Willebrand factor (vWf) secretion. We investigated the mechanism of irradiation induction of vWf release and demonstrated that vWf mRNA levels were increased when either human or bovine endothelial cells were exposed to 20 Gy irradiation. This response to irradiation was independent to de novo protein synthesis, but required new transcription. Nuclear run-on experiments indicated that increased vWf transcriptional activity was partly responsible for the higher levels of the mRNA accumulation. Transfection analyses with plasmids in which a human growth hormone structural gene was under the control of the endothelial-cell-specific vWf promoter demonstrated that irradiation increased promoter activity. Deletion analyses demonstrated that sequences necessary for irradiation induction of the promoter activity were located within the 112-bp sequences (-90 to +22) that constitute the non-endothelial-cell-specific core promoter region of the vWf gene. Results of gel mobility assays and deletion analyses demonstrated that a site in the vWf promoter other than the putative NF-kB binding site is involved in the mechanism of irradiation induction of the vWf.