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Investigating shape-from-shading illusions using solid objects

A Johnston1, W Curran

  • 1Department of Psychology, University College London, UK. a.johnston@psychol.ucl.ac.uk

Vision Research
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Computer graphics lighting models are approximations. This study validates shape-from-shading illusions observed in computer graphics for real-world objects, confirming their relevance to human perception.

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Computer graphics
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Shape-from-shading (SFS) research increasingly uses computer graphics, notably the Phong lighting model, for stimuli.
  • These models approximate natural light interaction but their validity for inferring real-world perception is questioned.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if SFS illusions from computer graphics generalize to real objects under natural illumination.
  • Specifically, to test for three-dimensional curvature contrast and illuminant-position effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using both computer-generated (ray-traced) and solid objects under real lighting conditions.
  • Participants viewed stimuli and reported perceived curvature and related illusions.

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Main Results:

  • Both the 3D curvature contrast and illuminant-position effects were observed for solid objects under real illuminants.
  • The magnitude of these perceptual effects was comparable between computer-generated and real objects.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the validity of using computer-generated stimuli in SFS psychophysics.
  • Illusions observed in Phong-shaded images are representative of perception with real objects and lighting, validating current research methods.