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Risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report and review
1Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, St. Mary's Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec.
Objectives:
1. To report the case of a 53-year-old patient who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) - a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of neuroleptic therapy - 4 days after treatment with risperidone was initiated. 2. To review previously reported cases of NMS associated with risperidone.
Methods:
A computerized search of several databases, including MEDLINE, was conducted to find all previously reported cases of NMS with risperidone.
Results:
Five reported cases of risperidone-induced NMS were found in the literature. All cases including the one reported here displayed typical clinical features of NMS and all 6 patients had a prior history of extrapyramidal side effects and/or NMS. Age and duration of exposure to risperidone did not seem to be of significance.
Conclusions:
These cases illustrate that clinicians should be on the lookout for risperidone-induced NMS.
Insights
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but serious complication of neuroleptic medication. This review highlights NMS cases linked to risperidone, emphasizing the need for clinical vigilance.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, severe, and potentially fatal idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications.
- Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is widely prescribed for various psychiatric conditions.
Observation:
- A case of NMS developed in a 53-year-old patient four days after initiating risperidone treatment.
- A literature review identified five previously reported cases of NMS associated with risperidone.
Findings:
- All six patients, including the current case, presented with characteristic NMS symptoms.
- A history of extrapyramidal side effects and/or NMS was common among affected patients.
- Patient age and duration of risperidone exposure did not appear to be significant risk factors.
Implications:
- Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for risperidone-induced NMS.
- Early recognition and management of NMS are crucial for patient outcomes.
- Further research may elucidate specific risk factors and preventative strategies for NMS in patients treated with risperidone.