Related Experiment Videos
Bundling, a newly identified risk factor for neonatal tetanus: implications for global control
J Bennett1, M Schooley, H Traverso
1Task Force for Child Survival, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
International Journal of Epidemiology
|August 1, 1996
Summary
Bundling infants in Northern Pakistan significantly increases the risk of neonatal tetanus (NNT). This practice, along with unhygienic delivery conditions, contributes to NNT, highlighting the need for improved post-delivery cord care.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal health
- Infectious disease epidemiology
- Maternal and child health practices
Background:
- Bundling, a traditional infant wrapping practice using sheepskin and cow dung, is prevalent in rural Northern Pakistan.
- The association between bundling and neonatal tetanus (NNT) had not been previously evaluated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of bundling and other factors in neonatal tetanus (NNT) in Northern Pakistan.
Main Methods:
- A population-based, matched case-control study was conducted in rural Northern Areas, Pakistan.
- Assessed bundling and other potential risk factors for NNT.
Main Results:
- Bundling within the first three days of life was a significant risk factor for NNT (OR=2.5).
- Delivery on straw surfaces and pre-delivery intravaginal ghee application were also identified as risky.
- Handwashing and using a new razor for cord cutting showed protective effects.
Conclusions:
- Bundling is a major risk factor for NNT in mountainous regions of Pakistan.
- NNT can result from umbilical wound exposure days after birth, not just at delivery.
- Clean cord care alone is insufficient; post-delivery practices must be addressed to prevent NNT.