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Cardiac status in typhoid fever

N Nand1, M Sharma, M Bhutani

  • 1Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Radiology, Pt. B. D. S., Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak (Haryana), India.

Angiology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Typhoid fever can cause definite heart injury, indicated by electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and elevated liver enzymes. Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) did not prove superior to transaminases in assessing this cardiac involvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Typhoid fever, a systemic infection, can affect multiple organs.
  • Cardiac involvement in typhoid fever requires further investigation to understand its extent and timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and correlate the cardiac status of adult patients with typhoid fever.
  • To assess the utility of electrocardiographic (ECG) and enzyme assessments in diagnosing cardiac injury during typhoid fever.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty adult patients with culture-proven typhoid fever were monitored.
  • Daily clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and electrolyte assessments were performed.
  • Transaminases and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured, alongside echocardiography.

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Main Results:

  • Twenty-two patients exhibited various ECG abnormalities.
  • Transaminases were significantly elevated in patients with ECG or enzyme changes (P < 0.001).
  • CK-MB was significantly elevated only in a subset of patients with both ECG and enzyme changes (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Definite cardiac injury occurs during typhoid fever, though the exact timing and extent remain unclear.
  • ECG changes can persist into the convalescence stage.
  • Transaminases are useful indicators of acute cardiac injury in typhoid fever, but CK-MB offers no superior diagnostic value.