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Developmental changes revealed by immunohistochemical markers in human cerebral cortex

L S Honig1, K Herrmann, C J Shatz

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study examines molecular markers in the developing human visual cortex, finding similar expression patterns to other mammals. These markers aid in understanding brain development and congenital disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human cerebral cortex features a prominent subplate crucial for cell interactions during development.
  • Understanding the subplate's role is key to deciphering human brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal expression of neuronal and astroglial markers in the developing human visual cortex.
  • To correlate marker expression with specific developmental stages from 14 weeks gestation to 9 months post-term.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal markers (GAP-43, MAP-2, parvalbumin) and astroglial markers (vimentin, GFAP).
  • Examination of tissue samples across a range of developmental ages.

Main Results:

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  • GAP-43 expression shifted from the subplate/marginal zone to the cortical plate during development.
  • MAP-2 showed differential expression in differentiating neurons, Cajal-Retzius cells, subplate neurons, and layer 5 neurons.
  • Parvalbumin appeared later in layer 6 and upper subplate.
  • Vimentin and GFAP expression patterns reflected neuroepithelial/radial glial and maturing astrocytic cell differentiation, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular marker expression in the human visual cortex follows temporal and spatial patterns analogous to those in other mammalian species.
  • These protein markers are valuable tools for developmental staging and investigating congenital brain disorders.