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The function of adipocytes in the bone marrow stroma: an update
J M Gimble1, C E Robinson, X Wu
1Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA. gimble@omrf.uokhsc
Bone
|November 1, 1996
Summary
Bone marrow adipocytes, the most common stromal cells, have diverse functions. Recent findings suggest they are plastic, sharing roles with stem cells, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic support cells.
Area of Science:
- Bone Biology
- Hematopoiesis
- Cellular Metabolism
Background:
- Adipocytes are the most abundant stromal cells in adult human bone marrow.
- Their precise function within the bone marrow microenvironment remains incompletely understood.
- Existing hypotheses range from passive space occupation to active roles in lipid metabolism, energy storage, and regulation of hematopoiesis and osteogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on bone marrow adipocyte morphology and physiology.
- To examine the transcriptional and cytokine mechanisms governing adipocyte differentiation.
- To elucidate the interrelationships between bone marrow adipocytes, hematopoiesis, and osteogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent findings on bone marrow adipocytes.
- Analysis of studies on adipocyte differentiation mechanisms (transcriptional and cytokine).
- Synthesis of data on the interplay between adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, and osteogenic cells.
Main Results:
- Bone marrow adipocytes exhibit complex morphology and physiology.
- Specific transcriptional and cytokine pathways regulate adipocyte differentiation.
- Evidence suggests a dynamic interplay between adipocytes and other bone marrow components.
Conclusions:
- Bone marrow adipocytes are not merely passive cells but actively participate in the bone marrow microenvironment.
- Data support a 'plastic' model of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation.
- Adipocytes may share functional characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic supportive cells, highlighting their multifaceted role.