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Emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in India

T J John1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases like plague, leptospirosis, and multidrug-resistant typhoid are increasing in India. Deficiencies in public health measures and surveillance hinder early detection and control of these infectious threats.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Infectious diseases continue to emerge and re-emerge globally, posing significant public health challenges.
  • India faces a growing burden of bacterial diseases, including those previously controlled or newly appearing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in India.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosis and surveillance of these infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent outbreaks and disease prevalence data in India.
  • Analysis of contributing factors such as public health measure failures and environmental changes.
  • Assessment of diagnostic and epidemiological surveillance capacities.

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Main Results:

  • Resurgence of plague, increased leptospirosis, and potential under-diagnosis of melioidosis.
  • Emergence of a new cholera strain (0139) causing the 8th pandemic and rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever.
  • Widespread and increasing nosocomial infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in India's healthcare and public health systems regarding microbiological expertise and epidemiological surveillance.
  • Under-diagnosis and under-reporting of infectious diseases are critical issues.
  • Improving these capacities is essential for early recognition and interception of emerging and re-emerging diseases.