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The Clementine bistatic radar experiment

S Nozette1, C L Lichtenberg, P Spudis

  • 1U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Space Experiments Directorate, 711 North Fayette Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 29, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Radar echoes from the Moon's south pole show a unique polarization enhancement in permanently shadowed regions. This finding suggests the presence of volume scatterers, possibly water ice, in these cold lunar areas.

Area of Science:

  • Lunar science
  • Planetary radar astronomy
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Bistatic radar experiments provide insights into surface properties.
  • Polarization of radar echoes can reveal information about scattering mechanisms.
  • Lunar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) are of significant scientific interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate radar echo characteristics in different lunar regions.
  • To analyze polarization changes with varying bistatic angles.
  • To identify potential scatterers within lunar PSRs.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted bistatic radar measurements during the Clementine 1 mission.
  • Measured radar echo magnitude and polarization against bistatic angle (beta).
  • Compared data from the lunar south pole PSRs with other lunar surfaces.

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Main Results:

  • Observed a distinct same-sense polarization enhancement around beta = 0 at the lunar south pole.
  • This enhancement was localized to PSRs.
  • No similar enhancement was detected on periodically illuminated surfaces, including the north pole.

Conclusions:

  • The polarization enhancement at the south pole likely originates from volume scattering.
  • Low-loss volume scatterers, potentially water ice, are a probable explanation for the observed phenomenon in PSRs.
  • This suggests unique material properties within permanently shadowed lunar regions.