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Autoantibodies in leprosy sera

L S Guedes Barbosa1, B Gilbrut, Y Shoenfeld

  • 1Instituto do Cancer "Arnaldo Vierira de Carvalho", Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Cancer, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Clinical Rheumatology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study found that autoantibodies to SS-B, mitochondria, and cardiolipin are common in leprosy patients. These findings highlight potential autoimmune links in the disease, offering new avenues for research into leprosy pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease primarily affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, and upper respiratory tract.
  • The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of leprosy is not fully understood.
  • Autoantibodies may contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations observed in leprosy patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of various autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy.
  • To identify specific autoantibodies that are frequently detected in the sera of leprosy patients.
  • To explore potential associations between autoantibodies and the disease.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect autoantibodies.

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  • A panel of purified antigens was used, including dsDNA, ssDNA, histone, mitochondria, RNA, RNP, SS-A, SS-B, Sm, Scl-70, Anca C, Anca P, and cardiolipin complex.
  • Established cut-off values from previous studies were used to differentiate normal from elevated antibody levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Antibodies targeting SS-B, mitochondria, and cardiolipin were found to be the most prevalent among the studied leprosy patients.
    • Antimitochondrial antibodies detected were distinct from those typically associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
    • Antiphospholipid antibodies exhibiting variable ligand activity to B2GIP were frequently observed in leprosy patient sera.

    Conclusions:

    • Autoantibodies, particularly anti-SS-B, antimitochondrial, and antiphospholipid antibodies, are frequent in patients with lepromatous leprosy.
    • The presence of these autoantibodies suggests a potential autoimmune component in leprosy.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific roles of these autoantibodies in leprosy pathogenesis and clinical presentation.