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Motoneurone survival: a functional approach
1Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, UK.
Abstract:
The role of the target in the survival of developing motoneurones is discussed. The contribution of neurotrophic factors is re-evaluated in view of the following: (1) motoneurone numbers are affected only slightly in transgenic mice following deletions of genes coding for neurotrophins or their receptors; and (2) continued treatment with neurotrophins fails to achieve long-term motoneurone survival. Evidence that motoneurone survival depends on the induction of transmitter release initiated by contact between nerve and muscle is presented. The release of transmitter and the ensuing retraction of many axon branches transforms the motoneurone from a growing cell into a transmitting cell. It is suggested that only when motoneurones have undergone this transition can they survive within the mature CNS.
Insights
Developing motoneurones require target-induced transmitter release for survival, not just neurotrophic factors. This transition from growth to transmission is crucial for survival in the mature central nervous system.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- The survival of developing motoneurones is critical for motor function.
- Neurotrophic factors have been traditionally considered primary survival factors for neurons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To re-evaluate the role of neurotrophic factors in motoneurone survival.
- To investigate the role of target-induced events in motoneurone survival.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of transgenic mice with deletions in neurotrophin or receptor genes.
- Assessment of long-term motoneurone survival following neurotrophin treatment.
- Examination of transmitter release mechanisms at the neuromuscular junction.
Main Results:
- Genetic deletion of neurotrophins or their receptors had minimal impact on motoneurone numbers.
- Sustained neurotrophin treatment did not ensure long-term motoneurone survival.
- Evidence suggests motoneurone survival is contingent upon target-induced transmitter release.
Conclusions:
- Motoneurone survival is primarily dependent on target-induced transmitter release, not solely on neurotrophic support.
- The transition of motoneurones from a growth phase to a transmitting cell is essential for their survival in the mature central nervous system.
