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Related Experiment Videos

The menopause and the cardiovascular system

C M Beale1, P Collins

  • 1Imperial College School of Medicine, National, Heart & Lung Institute, London, UK.

Bailliere'S Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be cardioprotective for women, but more research is needed, especially for older women and those with existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current evidence suggests potential benefits for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epidemiological, metabolic, and mechanistic data suggest hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be cardioprotective.
  • Current HRT indications include relief of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential cardioprotective effects of HRT.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding HRT's cardiovascular effects, particularly in older women and those with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological, metabolic, and mechanistic data.
  • Identification of research needs through analysis of existing literature.

Main Results:

  • Biological plausibility suggests HRT (estrogen alone or with progestogen) may be cardioprotective.

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  • Significant gaps exist in understanding HRT's cardiovascular effects in older women, different progestogen types/doses, and patients with hypertension or established CVD.

    • Conclusions:

    • Further randomized trials are required to confirm cardiovascular benefits and investigate effects in specific populations and with different HRT formulations.
    • HRT may be considered for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women, but a blanket recommendation for established CVD is premature.