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Temperature effects in cyanolysis using elemental sulfur

C N Lieske1, C R Clark, L D Zoeffel

  • 1US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5425, USA.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
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Temperature significantly impacts cyanide reactions with elemental sulfur. Albumin catalysis alters reaction pathways, suggesting complex mechanisms beyond simple cyanolysis for potential cyanide poisoning treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Cyanide poisoning poses a significant health risk, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding the reaction kinetics of cyanide with sulfur compounds is crucial for developing effective antidotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of temperature on the non-catalyzed and albumin-catalyzed reactions of cyanide with colloidal sulfur suspension (CSES).
  • To explore the role of different solvents (pyridine and methyl cellosolve) and albumin types in these reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied cyanolysis reactions at various temperatures (15.0, 25.0, 30.0, 37.5 °C) using saturated sulfur solutions.
  • Analyzed reaction kinetics using Arrhenius plots to determine activation parameters.
  • Investigated reactions with human serum albumin, heat-shock bovine serum albumin, and fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin.

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Main Results:

  • Methyl cellosolve enhanced reaction rates compared to pyridine for both non-catalyzed and albumin-catalyzed reactions.
  • Non-catalyzed reactions exhibited linear Arrhenius plots with positive entropies of activation.
  • Albumin-catalyzed reactions showed non-linear Arrhenius plots and negative entropies of activation, indicating complex reaction mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Albumin catalysis significantly alters the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of cyanide with elemental sulfur.
  • The observed non-linear Arrhenius plots and negative activation entropies suggest a reaction mechanism more complex than simple cyanolysis.
  • These findings provide insights into potential new treatment strategies for cyanide poisoning by understanding sulfur-cyanide interactions.