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Pertussis in Arkansas

E Lu1, R S Kirby, G E Schutze

  • 1UAMS/Arkansas Children's Hospital, USA.

The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pertussis (whooping cough) affected 109 children in Arkansas from 1990-1994. Infants under one year old were most vulnerable to severe outcomes, including death, despite lower overall case rates than the national average.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) remains a significant concern for infants and children, despite overall declines in morbidity and mortality.
  • Surveillance data from 1990-1994 in Arkansas revealed 109 diagnosed cases, highlighting ongoing disease presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze pertussis epidemiology in Arkansas between 1990 and 1994.
  • To compare Arkansas case rates and outcomes with national data.
  • To inform vaccination recommendations based on current pertussis trends.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pertussis case reports submitted to the Arkansas Department of Health.
  • Calculation and comparison of case rates and case fatality rates with national averages.

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  • Demographic analysis of hospitalized, intensive care admissions, and deceased patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Arkansas reported lower pertussis case rates (0.9/100,000) compared to national rates (1.77/100,000) during 1990-1994 (p < 0.0001).
    • Case fatality rates in Arkansas were comparable to national rates.
    • Infants under one year of age represented the majority of hospitalizations, intensive care admissions, and deaths.

    Conclusions:

    • While pertussis incidence was lower in Arkansas, infants remain at highest risk for severe outcomes.
    • Current whole-cell pertussis vaccines are recommended for primary immunization series pending further data on acellular vaccines.
    • Continued surveillance and vaccination efforts are crucial for pertussis control in vulnerable pediatric populations.