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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

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Development of the body dysmorphic disorder examination

J C Rosen¹, J Reiter

¹University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA. j_rosen@dewey.uvm.edu

Behaviour Research and Therapy

|September 1, 1996

Summary

The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) is a reliable clinical interview for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder and assessing negative body image symptoms. It effectively differentiates patients and tracks treatment progress.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Mental Health Assessment

Background:

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) involves preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws.
Negative body image is a core symptom, impacting daily functioning.
A validated diagnostic and assessment tool for BDD is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE).
To assess the BDDE's utility in diagnosing BDD and measuring symptom severity.
To evaluate the BDDE's reliability and validity in clinical populations.

Main Methods:

The BDDE is a semi-structured clinical interview.
It assesses preoccupation with appearance, negative evaluation, self-consciousness, and related behaviors like camouflaging and checking.
Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, interrater) and validity (correlations, diagnostic discrimination) were examined.

Main Results:

The BDDE demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability.
It showed significant correlations with measures of body image, self-esteem, and psychological distress.
The BDDE accurately distinguished BDD patients from control groups and aligned with clinical diagnoses.

Conclusions:

The BDDE is a reliable and valid instrument for diagnosing BDD and assessing symptom severity.
It provides unique insights into clinical status beyond general psychological adjustment.
The BDDE is sensitive to treatment changes, supporting its use in clinical practice and research.