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Memory functions in human subjects with different apolipoprotein E phenotypes during a 3-year population-based
E L Helkala1, K Koivisto, T Hanninen
1Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Kuopio, Finland.
Neuroscience Letters
|February 9, 1996
Summary
The apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon2 allele is linked to better cognitive maintenance in aging adults. Individuals with apoE E2/2 or E2/3 phenotypes showed stable verbal learning over three years, unlike other apoE groups.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Gerontology
Background:
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon4 allele is a major Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factor.
- The apoE epsilon2 allele may offer protection against AD.
- Previous research indicated apoE epsilon2 is associated with better learning in non-demented elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the 3-year influence of different apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotypes on cognitive functions in non-demented elderly individuals.
- To determine if apoE genotype affects cognitive decline or maintenance over time.
Main Methods:
- A 3-year longitudinal study of 917 non-demented elderly subjects.
- Cognitive assessments included episodic memory (List Learning Test, figure recall), semantic memory (Verbal Fluency), constructional abilities, and attention (Trail Making Tests).
- ApoE genotyping was performed on all participants.
Main Results:
- Of 632 subjects completing the study, those with apoE E2/2 or E2/3 phenotypes maintained verbal learning ability.
- Subjects with other apoE phenotypes exhibited deterioration in learning ability over the 3-year period.
Conclusions:
- Specific apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes, particularly those involving the epsilon2 allele, are associated with sustained cognitive function in aging.
- Genetic factors, such as apoE phenotype, may play a significant role in successful mental aging.