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Related Experiment Videos

Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis in lambs

A A Fadel1, H A Larkin

  • 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Dublin, Ireland.

Research in Veterinary Science
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Gentamicin sulphate caused kidney injury in lambs, indicated by increased urinary enzymes and proteins, despite minimal clinical signs. Pathological findings confirmed tubular damage, highlighting urinary markers for detecting gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Gentamicin is a widely used antibiotic in veterinary medicine.
  • Nephrotoxicity is a known adverse effect of gentamicin, but its presentation in lambs requires further characterization.
  • Understanding gentamicin-induced renal injury is crucial for safe and effective treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the renal effects of gentamicin sulphate in lambs.
  • To evaluate the utility of urinary enzyme and protein markers in detecting gentamicin-induced kidney damage.
  • To compare the pathological findings with naturally occurring ovine tubular nephrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Lambs were injected with gentamicin sulphate.
  • Plasma creatinine and urinary markers (microprotein, enzymes, specific gravity) were measured.

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  • Kidney tissues were examined post-mortem for pathological changes.
  • Histochemical analysis was performed to assess enzyme activity in renal tubules.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased plasma creatinine and urinary microprotein and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase).
    • Decreased urinary creatinine and specific gravity.
    • Gross and microscopic renal lesions included edema, tubular necrosis, and dilation.
    • Reduced tubular enzyme activity observed histochemically.

    Conclusions:

    • Urinary enzyme and protein levels are sensitive and reliable indicators of gentamicin-induced renal injury in lambs.
    • Pathological findings confirm significant kidney damage, primarily tubular necrosis.
    • The observed lesions differ from naturally occurring ovine tubular nephrosis, suggesting a specific gentamicin-induced pathology.