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Published on: November 15, 2013
Partially Molten Middle Crust Beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results
1K. D. Nelson, M. Cogan, C. Wu, Department of Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. W. Zhao, J. Che, X. Liu, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. L. D. Brown, M. Hauck, D. Alsdorf, A. Ross, Institute for the Study of the Continents, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. J. Kuo, Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA. S. L. Klemperer and Y. Makovsky, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. R. Meissner, Institut fur Geophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany. J. Mechie and R. Kind, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), 14473 Potsdam, Germany. F. Wenzel, Geophysikalisches Institut, Universitaet Karlsruhe, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. J. Ni and E. Sandvol, Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. J. Nabelek, College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. L. Chen, H. Tan, W. Wei, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China. A. G. Jones, Geological Survey of Canada, 1 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. J. Booker and M. Unsworth, Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. W. S. F. Kidd and M. Edwards, Department of Geosciences, SUNY-Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
A partially molten midcrustal layer beneath southern Tibet, formed by crustal thickening, behaves fluidly during Himalayan deformation. This layer
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Geology
- Tectonics
Background:
- Geophysical and geological data indicate a partially molten midcrustal layer under southern Tibet.
- This layer is a consequence of significant crustal thickening in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the nature and behavior of the partially molten midcrustal layer beneath southern Tibet.
- To understand its role in the Neogene evolution of the Himalaya.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of INDEPTH geophysical observations.
- Interpretation of geological data from southern Tibet and the Himalaya.
Main Results:
- A fluid-like, partially molten midcrustal layer exists beneath southern Tibet.
- This layer is confined by the Indian crust to the south and a stiff Indian mantle lid below.
- The underthrusting Indian crust has displaced and contributed to this molten layer via melting and ductile flow.
Conclusions:
- The Neogene evolution of the Himalaya is characterized by the southward extrusion of this partially molten middle crust.
- The interaction between the Indian crust and the Tibetan crust has driven significant geological changes.
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