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Diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy

R Axer-Siegel¹, M Hod, S Fink-Cohen

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.

|November 1, 1996

Summary

Diabetic retinopathy often progresses during pregnancy, especially in women with pre-existing diabetes. Longer diabetes duration and higher blood pressure are key risk factors for worsening retinopathy in pregnant patients.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss.
Pregnancy can exacerbate diabetic complications, including retinopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the incidence, prevalence, progression, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in pregnant individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Main Methods:

Prospective evaluation of 65 pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Data collected pre-pregnancy, during each trimester, and 12 months postpartum.
Key metrics included diabetes duration, glycemic control (glycohemoglobin, fructosamine), blood pressure, and renal function markers.

Main Results:

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77.5% of patients with pre-existing retinopathy showed progression; 22.5% developed proliferative retinopathy.
26% of patients without retinopathy at conception experienced some progression.
Longer diabetes duration, higher glycohemoglobin (significant in 3rd trimester), lower hemoglobin, and higher systolic blood pressure were associated with retinopathy progression.

Conclusions:

Identifying risk factors for diabetic retinopathy progression during pregnancy is crucial.
This understanding aids in developing management strategies for pregnant patients with diabetes.