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Ferromagnetic artificial cells for artificial circulation

Y Mitamura1, T Wada, E Okamoto

  • 1Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, School of Engineering, Hokkaido Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
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Researchers explored ferrofluidic actuators for artificial hearts using magnetic nanoparticles in blood. This technology could enable artificial circulation by applying magnetic fields, potentially aiding blood flow against pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Deoxygenated blood exhibits paramagnetic properties.
  • Ferrofluidic actuators are being investigated for implantable artificial hearts.
  • Magnetic fluids composed of ferromagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (10 nm) are central to this research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using ferrofluidic artificial cells to maintain blood circulation via magnetic fields.
  • To evaluate the performance of a ferrofluidic actuator system under varying pressures.
  • To determine the required magnetic properties for effective artificial circulation.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental setup with ring solenoids (0.236 Tesla flux density) was used to apply magnetic fields to blood models in a glass tube.

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  • Two experiments were conducted: one with magnetic fluid alone, and another with magnetic fluid and an iron cylinder.
  • Blood flow rates and pressures were measured to assess actuator performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Experiment 1 (magnetic fluid only) achieved flow rates of 38-8 ml/min against 12.5-16.3 mmHg.
    • Experiment 2 (magnetic fluid with iron cylinder) achieved flow rates of 80-24 ml/min against 53-240 mmHg.
    • Calculations indicated a required magnetization of 113 kA/m for magnetic fluids to overcome 100 mmHg pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • Ferrofluidic artificial cells show potential for enabling artificial circulation in implantable artificial hearts.
    • Achieving effective blood circulation requires artificial cells with a magnetization of 113 kA/m.
    • Further development of high-magnetization artificial cells is necessary for clinical feasibility.