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Published on: June 28, 2021
Acute pancreatitis in chronic renal failure
C S Pitchumoni1, P Arguello, N Agarwal
1New York Medical College and Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, Bronx 10466, USA.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|December 1, 1996
Summary
Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) experience a higher incidence and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study highlights that AP in CRF patients is a serious condition with increased complications and mortality.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Gastroenterology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a condition affecting kidney function.
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency and severity of acute pancreatitis in patients with chronic renal failure.
- To investigate if chronic renal failure contributes to the development of acute pancreatitis.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 532 patients with a first episode of AP was studied between 1982 and 1994.
- Twenty-one patients with CRF (creatinine clearance <15 ml/min) were compared to 511 non-CRF patients.
- AP diagnosis was confirmed clinically, biochemically (amylase, lipase), and with imaging (CT or ultrasound) in CRF patients.
Main Results:
- The causes of AP differed significantly between CRF and non-CRF groups (p < 0.001).
- Severe AP was more frequent in CRF patients (47.6%) compared to non-CRF patients (21%) based on Ranson's criteria (p < 0.005).
- CRF patients experienced significantly more complications (66.6% vs. 26.8%, p < 0.005) and higher mortality rates, especially with severe AP.
Conclusions:
- Acute pancreatitis in CRF patients is often of unknown etiology, suggesting a potential role for CRF itself or other contributing factors.
- Regardless of the cause, AP in the context of CRF represents a severe condition with substantial morbidity and mortality.
- The findings underscore the critical nature of AP management in patients with chronic renal failure.
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