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Related Concept Videos

Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
08:21

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Published on: February 5, 2016

Injectable gold compounds: an overview

G Jones1, P M Brooks

  • 1Menzies Centre for Population Health Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

British Journal of Rheumatology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable gold compounds are as effective as other second-line treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, showing benefits in slowing joint erosion progression. Further research is needed to optimize monitoring and combination therapies.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Injectable gold compounds have been used for rheumatoid arthritis since the 1920s.
  • Their efficacy and toxicity have been subjects of ongoing research and debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze data from controlled trials and observational studies on injectable gold compounds in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To compare the efficacy and toxicity of gold compounds with other second-line agents.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of controlled trials.
  • Analysis of longer-term observational studies.
  • Examination of efficacy and toxicity data, including erosion progression rates.

Main Results:

  • Gold compounds demonstrate efficacy comparable to other second-line agents for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Toxicity profiles are generally similar, with notable differences compared to methotrexate.
  • Gold therapy is most effective and toxic within the first two years of treatment, with a dose-response relationship observed for both outcomes.
  • Gold compounds significantly decrease the rate of joint erosion progression (RR 0.38).

Conclusions:

  • Injectable gold compounds remain a valuable therapeutic option in rheumatology for rheumatoid arthritis management.
  • Optimal monitoring strategies, maintenance therapy, and combination therapy require further investigation.