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Related Experiment Videos

Apneustic breathing provoked by limbic influences

J Stewart1, R S Howard, A G Rudd

  • 1Stroke Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, Guys' & St Thomas' Hospital Trust, London, UK.

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

A stroke patient experienced emotional outbursts and abnormal breathing (apneusis) due to brainstem damage. This case highlights the link between pontine infarction and disrupted automatic respiratory control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular disease can lead to complex neurological deficits.
  • Stroke affecting specific brain regions can disrupt intricate neural pathways.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old man with cerebrovascular disease presented with acute stroke symptoms including pseudobulbar palsy, facial weakness, and pyramidal signs.
  • The patient exhibited frequent emotional outbursts followed by episodes of apneusis (cessation of breathing).
  • Between apneusic episodes, breathing was regular, suggesting a dissociation in respiratory control.

Findings:

  • Autopsy revealed extensive cortical, subcortical, and pontine infarction.
  • The respiratory pattern indicated a clear dissociation between voluntary and automatic breathing pathways.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bilateral pontine infarction was identified as the cause of the abnormal automatic breathing pattern (apneusis).

    • Implications:

    • This case demonstrates the critical role of the pons in regulating automatic breathing.
    • Understanding these dissociations is crucial for diagnosing and managing respiratory abnormalities post-stroke.
    • Preserved descending limbic pathways despite pontine damage suggest specific neural circuit involvement in emotional and respiratory control.