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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
Preoxygenation in children using expired oxygraphy
P J Butler1, H M Munro, M B Kenny
1Section of Pediatric Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
Abstract:
We performed preoxygenation on 25 patients, aged 1-12 yr. End-tidal oxygen sampling was used to find the duration of preoxygenation required to reach an end-tidal oxygen fraction of 0.9. All children reached this end-point within 80 s, which was markedly more rapid than that observed in adult subjects. The clinical applications of this form of monitoring in children are discussed.
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