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Chronic carbon disulfide encephalopathy

C C Huang1, C C Chu, R S Chen

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

European Neurology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Long-term carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure can cause central nervous system damage, including encephalopathy and polyneuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may detect brain lesions before strokes occur.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) is prevalent in industries like viscose rayon production.
  • CS2 exposure is known to cause peripheral neuropathy.
  • The effects of long-term CS2 exposure on the central nervous system (CNS) require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate central nervous system damage in patients with long-term CS2 exposure.
  • To identify clinical and neuroimaging findings associated with CS2-induced encephalopathy and polyneuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 10 patients from a viscose rayon plant with polyneuropathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Conducted clinical examinations, electroencephalography (EEG), brain computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and carotid duplex sonography.

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  • Compared findings with normal controls where applicable.

    • Main Results:

    • Common symptoms included headache, memory impairment, fatigue, and emotional lability; 2 patients experienced stroke episodes.
    • EEG results were normal. CT scans showed mild cortical atrophy and basal ganglia lesions in some patients.
    • MRI revealed mild cortical atrophy and multiple lesions in the basal ganglia and corona radiata; subcortical white matter lesions were noted in 2 patients without strokes.
    • Carotid duplex sonography indicated mild atherosclerosis in most patients, but no significant flow differences compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic CS2 exposure can lead to encephalopathy and polyneuropathy, with lesions typically affecting the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter.
    • Neuroimaging, particularly MRI, may detect CNS lesions, especially in the subcortical white matter, prior to the onset of clinical stroke.
    • These findings highlight the potential for significant neurological damage from long-term CS2 exposure.