Artificial heart driven by an automatic driving system

Thrombi formation within artificial ventricles is caused by the effects of biomaterials, stagnation areas, and major turbulences. During systolic and diastolic cycles, stagnation area increase in hearts that are properly designed. Stagnation areas may also occur in properly designed artificial hearts that are not working with a maximum stroke volume. The ellipsoid heart avoids stagnation areas and major turbulences because all the inside surfaces have an adequate washout with blood. The optimum washout of these surfaces is obtained by driving the heart with a constant maximum stroke volume. The cardiac output is regulated according to Starling's law by adjusting the frequency according to the venous return.